Trier les fichiers par ordre alphabétique avant de les traiter

En utilisant quelques tuyaux et sort

find . -type f -print0 | sort -z | xargs -r0 sha256sum > sha256SumOutput

Explication

De man find

   -print0
        True; print the full file name on the standard output, followed
        by a null character (instead of the newline character that -print
        uses). This allows file names that contain newlines or other
        types of white space to be  correctly  interpreted by programs
        that process the find output.  This option corresponds to the -0
        option of xargs.

De man sort

   -z, --zero-terminated
        line delimiter is NUL, not newline

De man xargs

   -r
        If the standard input does not contain any nonblanks, do not run
        the command. Normally, the command is run once even if there is
        no input. This option is a GNU extension.

   -0   
        Input items are terminated by a null character instead of by
        whitespace, and the quotes and backslash are not special (every
        character is taken literally).  Disables the end of file string,
        which is treated like any  other  argument. Useful when input
        items might contain white space, quote marks, or backslashes.
        The GNU find -print0 option produces input suitable for this mode.

Exemple

% ls -laog
total 4288
drwxrwxr-x  2 4329472 Aug 17 08:20 .
drwx------ 57   20480 Aug 17 08:20 ..
-rw-rw-r--  1       0 Aug 17 08:15 a
-rw-rw-r--  1       0 Aug 17 08:15 a b
-rw-rw-r--  1       0 Aug 17 08:15 b
-rw-rw-r--  1       0 Aug 17 08:15 c

% find -type f -print0 | sort -z | xargs -r0 sha256sum                  
e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb92427ae41e4649b934ca495991b7852b855  ./a
e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb92427ae41e4649b934ca495991b7852b855  ./a b
e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb92427ae41e4649b934ca495991b7852b855  ./b
e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb92427ae41e4649b934ca495991b7852b855  ./c

Les valeurs de la première colonne sont les mêmes, car les fichiers n'ont pas de contenu dans mon test.