Commande pour reconstruire tous les modules DKMS pour tous les noyaux installés ?

Il ne semble pas que le dkms vous permet de le faire. J'ai créé un petit script Python script qui devrait faire ce que vous voulez. Vous pouvez mettre un alias dans votre ~/.bashrc comme

alias dkms-buildall='sudo ./wherever/your/script/is'

Bien sûr, il faut d'abord le rendre exécutable. Voici le code :

#!/bin/env python
#
# NOTE: This assumes that all modules and versions are built for at
#       least one kernel. If that's not the case, adapt parsing as needed.
import os
import subprocess

# Permission check.
if os.geteuid() != 0:
    print "You need to be root to run this script."
    exit(1)

# Get DKMS status output.
cmd = ['dkms', 'status']
process = subprocess.Popen(cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
dkms_status = process.communicate()[0].strip('\n').split('\n')
dkms_status = [x.split(', ') for x in dkms_status]

# Get kernel versions (probably crap).
cmd = ['ls', '/var/lib/initramfs-tools/']
# Alternative (for use with Arch Linux for example)
# cmd = ['ls', '/usr/lib/modules/']
process = subprocess.Popen(cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
kernels = process.communicate()[0].strip('\n').split('\n')

# Parse output, 'modules' will contain all modules pointing to a set
# of versions.
modules = {}

for entry in dkms_status:
   module = entry[0]
   version = entry[1].split(': ')[0]
   try:
      modules[module].add(version)
   except KeyError:
      # We don't have that module, add it.
      modules[module] = set([version])

# For each module, build all versions for all kernels.
for module in modules:
   for version in modules[module]:
      for kernel in kernels:
         cmd = ['dkms', 'build', '-m', module, '-v', version, '-k', kernel]
         ret = subprocess.call(cmd)

Je l'ai testé ici, il semble fonctionner correctement :

$ dkms status
nvidia-current, 275.09.07, 3.0.0-5-generic, x86_64: installed
virtualbox, 4.0.10, 3.0.0-5-generic, x86_64: installed

$ sudo python dkms.py
...

$ dkms status
nvidia-current, 275.09.07, 3.0.0-5-generic, x86_64: installed
nvidia-current, 275.09.07, 3.0-2-generic, x86_64: built
nvidia-current, 275.09.07, 3.0-3-generic, x86_64: built
virtualbox, 4.0.10, 3.0.0-5-generic, x86_64: installed
virtualbox, 4.0.10, 3.0-2-generic, x86_64: built
virtualbox, 4.0.10, 3.0-3-generic, x86_64: built

Si vous souhaitez également installer les modules, remplacez construire avec installer à l'avant-dernière ligne.

En combinant les réponses de @htorque et de @Ryan Thompson, voici mon one-liner (en tant que racine) :

dkms status | sed s/,//g | awk '{print "-m",$1,"-v",$2}' | while read line; do ls /var/lib/initramfs-tools | xargs -n 1 dkms install $line -k; done

Une édition de script par @htorque. Utilisez-le au cas où vous voudriez un force la reconstruction (et l'installation) des modules déjà construits. Passage à python3, subprocess.run() nécessite Python 3.5+.

#!/usr/bin/env python3
#
# NOTE: This assumes that all modules and versions are built for at
#       least one kernel. If that's not the case, adapt parsing as needed.
import os
import subprocess

# Permission check.
if os.geteuid() != 0:
    print("You need to be root to run this script.")
    exit(1)

# Get DKMS status output.
cmd = ['dkms', 'status']
dkms_status = subprocess.run(cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE).stdout.decode("utf-8").strip('\n').split('\n')
dkms_status = [x.split(', ') for x in dkms_status]

# Get kernel versions (probably crap).
cmd = ['ls', '/var/lib/initramfs-tools/']
# Alternative (for use with Arch Linux for example)
# cmd = ['ls', '/usr/lib/modules/']
kernels = subprocess.run(cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE).stdout.decode("utf-8").strip('\n').split('\n')

# Parse output, 'modules' will contain all modules pointing to a set
# of versions.
modules = {}

for entry in dkms_status:
   module = entry[0]
   version = entry[1].split(': ')[0]
   try:
      modules[module].add(version)
   except KeyError:
      # We don't have that module, add it.
      modules[module] = set([version])

# For each module, build all versions for all kernels.
for module in modules:
   for version in modules[module]:
      for kernel in kernels:
         for action in ['remove', 'install']:
            cmd = ['dkms', action, '-m', module, '-v', version, '-k', kernel]
            subprocess.run(cmd)

Ce qui précède ne fonctionne pas sur toutes les variantes, ceci pourrait être un peu plus utile dans ces cas-là...

$modulename="whatever"
$moduleversion=`modinfo $modulename | grep "^version:" | awk '{ print $2 }'`
dkms status | grep $modulename | tr -d ',' | awk '{ print $3 }' | xargs -n1 dkms build $modulename/$moduleversion -k