Quand utiliser pkexec vs. gksu/gksudo ?

PolicyKit est plus configurable, cependant pkexec ne fait pas appel à cette configurabilité. Aussi, pkexec montrer à l'utilisateur le chemin complet du programme qui sera lancé, afin que l'utilisateur soit un peu plus sûr de ce qui va se passer. Les "politiques" de PolicyKit peuvent être utilisées pour définir des paramètres plus avancés. Par exemple, si le mot de passe doit être mémorisé.

Quelque chose que j'ai obtenu de la pkexec manuel :

L'environnement dans lequel PROGRAM l'exécutera sera réglé à un minimum de connu et sûr, afin d'éviter l'injection de code par le biais de LD_LIBRARY_PATH ou d'autres mécanismes similaires. En outre, la variable d'environnement PKEXEC_UID est définie comme l'identifiant de l'utilisateur du processus invoquant pkexec. Par conséquent, pkexec ne vous permettra pas d'exécuter, par exemple, des applications X11 sous la forme d'un autre utilisateur, puisque la variable d'environnement $DISPLAY n'est pas définie.

Plus d'informations sur politiques o définitions des actions de la pkexec manuel :

   To specify what kind of authorization is needed to execute the program
   /usr/bin/pk-example-frobnicate as another user, simply write an action
   definition file like this

       <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
       <!DOCTYPE policyconfig PUBLIC
        "-//freedesktop//DTD PolicyKit Policy Configuration 1.0//EN"
        "http://www.freedesktop.org/standards/PolicyKit/1/policyconfig.dtd">
       <policyconfig>

         <vendor>Examples for the PolicyKit Project</vendor>
         <vendor_url>http://hal.freedesktop.org/docs/PolicyKit/</vendor_url>

         <action id="org.freedesktop.policykit.example.pkexec.run-frobnicate">
           <description>Run the PolicyKit example program Frobnicate</description>
           <description xml:lang="da">Kør PolicyKit eksemplet Frobnicate</description>
           <message>Authentication is required to run the PolicyKit example program Frobnicate</message>
           <message xml:lang="da">Autorisering er påkrævet for at afvikle PolicyKit eksemplet Frobnicate</message>
           <icon_name>audio-x-generic</icon_name>
           <defaults>
             <allow_any>no</allow_any>
             <allow_inactive>no</allow_inactive>
             <allow_active>auth_self_keep</allow_active>
           </defaults>
           <annotate key="org.freedesktop.policykit.exec.path">/usr/bin/pk-example-frobnicate</annotate>
         </action>

       </policyconfig>

   and drop it in the /usr/share/polkit-1/actions directory under a
   suitable name (e.g. matching the namespace of the action). Note that in
   addition to specifying the program, the authentication message,
   description, icon and defaults can be specified. For example, for the
   action defined above, the following authentication dialog will be
   shown:

       [IMAGE][2]

           +----------------------------------------------------------+
           |                     Authenticate                     [X] |
           +----------------------------------------------------------+
           |                                                          |
           |  [Icon]  Authentication is required to run the PolicyKit |
           |          example program Frobnicate                      |
           |                                                          |
           |          An application is attempting to perform an      |
           |          action that requires privileges. Authentication |
           |          is required to perform this action.             |
           |                                                          |
           |          Password: [__________________________________]  |
           |                                                          |
           | [V] Details:                                             |
           |  Command: /usr/bin/pk-example-frobnicate                 |
           |  Run As:  Super User (root)                              |
           |  Action:  org.fd.pk.example.pkexec.run-frobnicate        |
           |  Vendor:  Examples for the PolicyKit Project             |
           |                                                          |
           |                                  [Cancel] [Authenticate] |
           +----------------------------------------------------------+

   If the user is using the da_DK locale, the dialog looks like this:

       [IMAGE][3]

           +----------------------------------------------------------+
           |                     Autorisering                     [X] |
           +----------------------------------------------------------+
           |                                                          |
           |  [Icon]  Autorisering er påkrævet for at afvikle         |
           |          PolicyKit eksemplet Frobnicate                  |
           |                                                          |
           |          Et program forsøger at udføre en handling der   |
           |          kræver privilegier. Autorisering er påkrævet.   |
           |                                                          |
           |          Kodeord: [___________________________________]  |
           |                                                          |
           | [V] Detaljer:                                            |
           |  Bruger:   Super User (root)                             |
           |  Program:  /usr/bin/pk-example-frobnicate                |
           |  Handling: org.fd.pk.example.pkexec.run-frobnicate       |
           |  Vendor:   Examples for the PolicyKit Project            |
           |                                                          |
           |                                [Annullér] [Autorisering] |
           +----------------------------------------------------------+

   Note that pkexec does no validation of the ARGUMENTS passed to PROGRAM.
   In the normal case (where administrator authentication is required
   every time pkexec is used), this is not a problem since if the user is
   an administrator he might as well just run pkexec bash to get root.

   However, if an action is used for which the user can retain
   authorization (or if the user is implicitly authorized), such as with
   pk-example-frobnicate above, this could be a security hole. Therefore,
   as a rule of thumb, programs for which the default required
   authorization is changed, should never implicitly trust user input
   (e.g. like any other well-written suid program).